Overview of the Menstrual Cycle

The menstrual cycle is a monthly process that prepares a woman's body for potential pregnancy. It typically lasts between 21 to 35 days, with an average cycle length of 28 days. The cycle can be divided into several phases, each with distinct hormonal changes and physiological events.

Phases of the Menstrual Cycle

1. Menstrual Phase (Days 1-5):

This phase begins on the first day of menstruation, where the uterine lining sheds if no pregnancy has occurred.

2. Follicular Phase (Days 1-13):

Overlaps with the menstrual phase. The pituitary gland releases follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), stimulating the ovaries to produce follicles, each containing an egg. One follicle will mature into an egg.

3. Ovulation (Day 14):

Triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), ovulation is when the mature egg is released from the ovary. This is typically the most fertile period, lasting about 24 hours.

4. Luteal Phase (Days 15-28):

After ovulation, the ruptured follicle transforms into the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone to prepare the uterine lining for a potential pregnancy. If fertilization does not occur, hormone levels drop, leading to the start of menstruation.

Fertility Window

The fertile window is generally considered to be the 6 days leading up to and incl

uding ovulation. This is when conception is most likely to occur.